Keats, ‘La Belle Dame sans Merci’: Explain any TWO of prehistories: literary, historical, personal & textual
historical
يتعلق بالثورة الفرنسية وشلون القصيدة ترمز لهااو للفترة الرومانسية
personal
شلون كيتس يحاول يطلع من الصورة اللي حطوها فيه النقاد وانه احساسه انثوي فيبي يبين لهم انه رجل MAN OF LATTERS وعلاقته بخطيبته اللي ما يقدر يحصل عليها
literary
شنو الدرساو القيمة اللي اعطتنا اياه القصيدة وهو ان المثالية غير موجودة وان الناس لازم تصحة وتصير واقعية
textual
هذي نتكلم عن الادوات اللي استخدمها الشاعر لابراز المعنى في القصيدة
مثل
Alliteration
Apostrophe
Assonance
Consonance
Imagery
Irony
Metaphor
Onomatopoeia
Oxymoron
Person
Personification
Repetition
Similes
Symbolism
Tone
Word choice
هذا ما فهمت السؤال طالب نختار اثنين من الاربع خيارات
Romantic poets don't
prefer to write with Allegory. Why?
هم ما يحبون يكتبون الاليجوري لانه تصعب على القارئ انه يفهم المعنى اللي يبونه
لان الاليجوري 4 مستويات وهم عندهم فكرة وهدف واضح
لكن ما كان في حرية بالكتابة وفي كتاب انسجنوا
فكانوا يكتبون بالليجوري عشان توصل الفكرة بصورة غير مباشرة او طريقة ضمنية
فيحمون نفسهم
المهم هم ما فضلوها لكن تابعوا يكتبون فيها لسببين :
الاول يختص بـ style تقليدا لميلتون
الثاني وهو اللي ذكرته الظروف السياسية
Romanticism is described as a literature of social and political engagement and
as a flight from reality to an exotic Orient'Discuss the Oriental Renaissance
in the light of the above with reference to any two orientalist poems, in your
course.
-The answer must begin with a general background to the Oriental Renaissance. European imperial expansion brought the West into contact with the oriental cultures of Arabia, India and China. Romantic poets looked at the exotic Orient as a new source of cultural stories, folklore and legends which they could use for their poetry. The Islamic world's,' The Arabian Nights' or the mythology of India of Hindu antiquity provided them with images that inspired their imagination and curiosity. European scholars like William Jones translated oriental works and linguists found that there were many similarities in the Indo –European family of languages. They came to the conclusion that Europeans must have had a common origin with the oriental civilizations even before Greece and Rome. This discovery and interest in the languages and literatures of the East is known as the Oriental Renaissance.
Further, the answer must draw attention to the fact that this encounter was characterized by ambivalence. The new fascination was accompanied by a cultural stereotyped image of the Orient. The Europeans believed that the oriental character was inferior in morals and contact with them would degenerate their own high cultural values. This fact makes Edward Said remark that Romantic poetry depicts imperialanxieties . In his works, Coleridge associates the East with narcotic reverie, myth and mysticism, an exotic and timeless realm. This idea comes through in his poem 'Kublai Khan', written as a result of an opium-induced dream which followed his reading of Marco Polo's account of the Mongol Emperor's palace. Romantic attitudes to the Orient were not simply reactions to opium taking, but had political implications connected with European colonialism.
The exotic locale of "Kublai Khan" is not only a place of magical beauty but also of tyranny, danger and eroticism. Kublai Khan's powers are threatened by revolutionary forces. While the poem shares Coleridge's imaginative depiction of the mysterious Orient, it alienates him from the sympathy of his fellowmen: 'Beware! Beware! His flashing eyes…drank the milk of paradise' attributes to him values of oriental mysticism considered as dubious by the European. (229)
The West's encounter with the Orient is also depicted in orientalist poems as an unrealized romance between a European male and an oriental female, as in Shelley's 'Alastor' and Byron's 'The Corsair'. Alastor is Shelley's young poet who travels East to discover the secrets of the Orient. He reaches a valley in Kashmir where he dreams of a veiled maid but when he awakes he finds himself alone. He begins a quest for this lovely maid whom he mistakes for a reality. The symbolic reference of the poem is that the poet wants to transcend a cold and unfeeling world but his quest for the lost oriental woman leads him to alienation and death. The poem represents the lure of the East as elusive and leading to degeneration and downfall.
Byron's 'The Corsair' shows his scorn for Britain's imperial aspirations'. The hero, Conrad (representing the western man), attacks the Turkish Pasha but stops his men from attacking the harem out of chivalry. This unluckily leads to his capture by the Pasha. The Pasha's mistress, Gulnare, falls in love with Conrad and offers to help him escape, but Conrad's western code of honour prompts him to refuse this offer. (236) Gulnare assassinates the Pasha and elopes with Conrad. At one point Conrad succumbs to her charms. Conrad's wife dies thinking of his capture. Gulnare represents the Western stereotyped image of the oriental as deceitful and treacherous before whom the Westerner's code of conduct fails and his values degenerate – he turns Turk, so as to say. This view is gendered as the seductive Orient is always depicted as a female (the 'veiled woman' of Alastor and Byron's Gulnare). Edward Said calls this 'imperial anxiety'represented in the death of Conrad's wife who is killed off by Gulnare's kiss. (245).
-The answer must begin with a general background to the Oriental Renaissance. European imperial expansion brought the West into contact with the oriental cultures of Arabia, India and China. Romantic poets looked at the exotic Orient as a new source of cultural stories, folklore and legends which they could use for their poetry. The Islamic world's,' The Arabian Nights' or the mythology of India of Hindu antiquity provided them with images that inspired their imagination and curiosity. European scholars like William Jones translated oriental works and linguists found that there were many similarities in the Indo –European family of languages. They came to the conclusion that Europeans must have had a common origin with the oriental civilizations even before Greece and Rome. This discovery and interest in the languages and literatures of the East is known as the Oriental Renaissance.
Further, the answer must draw attention to the fact that this encounter was characterized by ambivalence. The new fascination was accompanied by a cultural stereotyped image of the Orient. The Europeans believed that the oriental character was inferior in morals and contact with them would degenerate their own high cultural values. This fact makes Edward Said remark that Romantic poetry depicts imperialanxieties . In his works, Coleridge associates the East with narcotic reverie, myth and mysticism, an exotic and timeless realm. This idea comes through in his poem 'Kublai Khan', written as a result of an opium-induced dream which followed his reading of Marco Polo's account of the Mongol Emperor's palace. Romantic attitudes to the Orient were not simply reactions to opium taking, but had political implications connected with European colonialism.
The exotic locale of "Kublai Khan" is not only a place of magical beauty but also of tyranny, danger and eroticism. Kublai Khan's powers are threatened by revolutionary forces. While the poem shares Coleridge's imaginative depiction of the mysterious Orient, it alienates him from the sympathy of his fellowmen: 'Beware! Beware! His flashing eyes…drank the milk of paradise' attributes to him values of oriental mysticism considered as dubious by the European. (229)
The West's encounter with the Orient is also depicted in orientalist poems as an unrealized romance between a European male and an oriental female, as in Shelley's 'Alastor' and Byron's 'The Corsair'. Alastor is Shelley's young poet who travels East to discover the secrets of the Orient. He reaches a valley in Kashmir where he dreams of a veiled maid but when he awakes he finds himself alone. He begins a quest for this lovely maid whom he mistakes for a reality. The symbolic reference of the poem is that the poet wants to transcend a cold and unfeeling world but his quest for the lost oriental woman leads him to alienation and death. The poem represents the lure of the East as elusive and leading to degeneration and downfall.
Byron's 'The Corsair' shows his scorn for Britain's imperial aspirations'. The hero, Conrad (representing the western man), attacks the Turkish Pasha but stops his men from attacking the harem out of chivalry. This unluckily leads to his capture by the Pasha. The Pasha's mistress, Gulnare, falls in love with Conrad and offers to help him escape, but Conrad's western code of honour prompts him to refuse this offer. (236) Gulnare assassinates the Pasha and elopes with Conrad. At one point Conrad succumbs to her charms. Conrad's wife dies thinking of his capture. Gulnare represents the Western stereotyped image of the oriental as deceitful and treacherous before whom the Westerner's code of conduct fails and his values degenerate – he turns Turk, so as to say. This view is gendered as the seductive Orient is always depicted as a female (the 'veiled woman' of Alastor and Byron's Gulnare). Edward Said calls this 'imperial anxiety'represented in the death of Conrad's wife who is killed off by Gulnare's kiss. (245).
Knowledge and Cognitive Skills: The answer must:*
define "Oriental Renaissance" *refer to the major oriental works and
the work of European scholars like William Jones *define "western cultural
stereotypes" about the Orient *define and explain Edward Said's idea of
"imperial anxiety" *refer to and give examples for the above from
orientalist poems like, "Kubla Khan " ,"The Corsair" and
"Alastor" *bring out the relevant symbolism in the poems *refer to
the gendered view adopted by the poets * refer to the ambivalent attitude of
the Europeans to the Orient *refer to Byron's ironical view of Britain's
imperial aspirations.
Analyze the following
poem (Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, Discuss how the language (figures of
speech, poetic form) are used in order to express meaning. Also discuss the
poet's point of view and the features of Romantic poetry the poem reflects.
The Answer: The poet sees London as a beautiful, majestic city in the early, fresh morning when the sun has just risen and its rays fall on the buildings and ships. The words "fair", touching", "majesty", "bright" "smokeless" describe this. . The idea of quiet and calm are brought out intensely by the phrases, "calm so deep", "The river glideth at his own sweet will," Dear God! The very houses seem asleep", and the last is the most telling line: “And all that mighty heart is lying still!”.
The best answers will discuss the use of figures of speech and their aptness: "like a garment wear (personification), "the very houses seem asleep"(metaphor) and "mighty heart is lying still" (metaphor).The last is very forceful in conveying the fact that London is the centre and seat of government of a great country or empire which at present is quiet with no thoroughfare and industry.
Then the answer will draw attention to the form of the sentences and the poem as a whole and show how these contribute to the overall meaning. First we might take word inversions : "Dull would he be of soul", "Never did sun more beautifully steep"---the emphasized ideas are foregrounded.
The poem is a sonnet and the slow rhythm adds to the effect of the atmosphere. The smooth and uninterrupted pace of time is enhanced by the run on lines like the second and third. The rhyme scheme should be pointed out.
It is of course most important to point out the general features of Romantic poetry which are observed in the poem. The poem takes its symbols and allusions from Nature –a feature of Romantic poetry especially of Wordsworth's: "open unto the sea and to the sky", "never did sun more beautifully steep/in his first splendour valley, rock and hill".
Transcendence from the political and human problems of life was another feature of Romantic poetry that we notice here. The poem entitled "London" by Blake, another Romantic, takes a different point of view from that of Wordsworth. It refers to the political unrest and lack of human freedom at the time. But Wordsworth is viewing London at its most ideal moment in the quiet of the fresh morning and it affords him a romantic experience of transcendence from the turmoil.
هذا السؤال محتمل في التحليل للقصيدة اخر بارت في الفاينال
The Answer: The poet sees London as a beautiful, majestic city in the early, fresh morning when the sun has just risen and its rays fall on the buildings and ships. The words "fair", touching", "majesty", "bright" "smokeless" describe this. . The idea of quiet and calm are brought out intensely by the phrases, "calm so deep", "The river glideth at his own sweet will," Dear God! The very houses seem asleep", and the last is the most telling line: “And all that mighty heart is lying still!”.
The best answers will discuss the use of figures of speech and their aptness: "like a garment wear (personification), "the very houses seem asleep"(metaphor) and "mighty heart is lying still" (metaphor).The last is very forceful in conveying the fact that London is the centre and seat of government of a great country or empire which at present is quiet with no thoroughfare and industry.
Then the answer will draw attention to the form of the sentences and the poem as a whole and show how these contribute to the overall meaning. First we might take word inversions : "Dull would he be of soul", "Never did sun more beautifully steep"---the emphasized ideas are foregrounded.
The poem is a sonnet and the slow rhythm adds to the effect of the atmosphere. The smooth and uninterrupted pace of time is enhanced by the run on lines like the second and third. The rhyme scheme should be pointed out.
It is of course most important to point out the general features of Romantic poetry which are observed in the poem. The poem takes its symbols and allusions from Nature –a feature of Romantic poetry especially of Wordsworth's: "open unto the sea and to the sky", "never did sun more beautifully steep/in his first splendour valley, rock and hill".
Transcendence from the political and human problems of life was another feature of Romantic poetry that we notice here. The poem entitled "London" by Blake, another Romantic, takes a different point of view from that of Wordsworth. It refers to the political unrest and lack of human freedom at the time. But Wordsworth is viewing London at its most ideal moment in the quiet of the fresh morning and it affords him a romantic experience of transcendence from the turmoil.
هذا السؤال محتمل في التحليل للقصيدة اخر بارت في الفاينال
Romanticism is best
understood as a set of competing voices. Discuss this claim with reference to
the poetry studied in Chapters 6–9 of Romantic Writings.
هذا السؤال مهم :
ويتعلق بشرح كيف ان الرومانسية ليست اختصاص بنوع واحد او متعلقة بشكل كتابي معين
فهي قد تكون سياسية او اجتماعية او تتعلق بالطفل والطبيعة والاكثر المثالية والاستشراق
نشرح كل نقطة مع اشارة لقصيدة ونوضحها كمثال
هذا السؤال مهم :
ويتعلق بشرح كيف ان الرومانسية ليست اختصاص بنوع واحد او متعلقة بشكل كتابي معين
فهي قد تكون سياسية او اجتماعية او تتعلق بالطفل والطبيعة والاكثر المثالية والاستشراق
نشرح كل نقطة مع اشارة لقصيدة ونوضحها كمثال
Q 4: "Romantic
poetry shows common tendencies and concerns since they are part of a particular
historical period and are related to particular events." Discuss the
following common features of the poetry of the Romantics: References to Nature,
the Idea of Transcendence, History as a context and Childhood. Illustrate with
proper examples from the poems.
The answer must keep to the focus of the question, that is a discussion on the features mentioned above and generally found in the poems of the Romantics. No intensive discussion on the meaning and form of poems is required but references to them must be made to illustrate a point. Of course a part of the answer covering references to Wordsworth will overlap with that of Question Three. The discussion of two or more points may be inter-related . For example some poems use symbols from Nature to describe a scene of transcendence.
· Nature:
Romantic poets, especially Wordsworth, borrowed symbols from the natural world or natural scenes from "the beautiful and permanent forms of nature". He compares Lucy in the poem to her memory as " a violet under a mossy stone half-hidden from the eye" and "fair as a star when only one is shining in the sky". In "Composed upon Westminster Bridge", he describes the sunrise in London as more beautiful than that in "valley, rock or hill" and describes the Thames River as "glideth at his own sweet will". "Composed by the side of Grasmere Lake " is full of references to the elements in the upper world: "clouds extend in solid bars", breezeless air"," repetition of the stars".
· Transcendence:
Many of Wordsworth's poems depict scenes that refer to an ideal
World, free from the turmoil of political troubles and here we may refer to the relevant discussion on Wordsworth's poem " Composed on Westminster Bridge" given above. Wordsworth's poem entitled, "Composed by the Side of Grasmere Lake" is another example of a transcendent point of view. His view here is that of a "happy distance from earth's groaning field,/where ruthless mortals wage incessant wars'. In the heavens there is tranquility. The poem is also related to historical events of the times. “Incessant wars” refers to Britain at continuous war since 1793and Napoleon was waging his battles in Europe.
· History:
Besides Wordsworth's poem above , Blake's poem “London”, and Shelley's "England 1819" and "Ozymandius" all refer to historical and political events. Blake's poem has in its background the Charter of England which was meant to confer rights on the people but which left these in the hands of a few, thus depriving most of the people of civil liberties.. In "England 1829" Shelley's poem refers to the reign of the mad King George 111and his son . The public institutions are corrupt or dead---the parliament and electoral system are corrupt and a peaceful demonstration for parliamentary reforms leads to a massacre of people. “Ozymandius” was written with the conquests and defeat of Napoleon in the background.
· Childhood:
Wordsworth believed that literature must be rid of preconceptions and prejudices and we must see the world through the viewpoint of a child. Blake's poetry is especially relevant in this matter. His poem “Anecdote for Fathers”(30) shows how a child could learn to lie from wanting to please the adult. Children are pure and have a logic different but not inferior or wrong to that of adults. Blake's "Songs of Innocence and Experience" has poems with biblical and pastoral myths which describe the innocence of children and their closeness to divinity.
The answer must keep to the focus of the question, that is a discussion on the features mentioned above and generally found in the poems of the Romantics. No intensive discussion on the meaning and form of poems is required but references to them must be made to illustrate a point. Of course a part of the answer covering references to Wordsworth will overlap with that of Question Three. The discussion of two or more points may be inter-related . For example some poems use symbols from Nature to describe a scene of transcendence.
· Nature:
Romantic poets, especially Wordsworth, borrowed symbols from the natural world or natural scenes from "the beautiful and permanent forms of nature". He compares Lucy in the poem to her memory as " a violet under a mossy stone half-hidden from the eye" and "fair as a star when only one is shining in the sky". In "Composed upon Westminster Bridge", he describes the sunrise in London as more beautiful than that in "valley, rock or hill" and describes the Thames River as "glideth at his own sweet will". "Composed by the side of Grasmere Lake " is full of references to the elements in the upper world: "clouds extend in solid bars", breezeless air"," repetition of the stars".
· Transcendence:
Many of Wordsworth's poems depict scenes that refer to an ideal
World, free from the turmoil of political troubles and here we may refer to the relevant discussion on Wordsworth's poem " Composed on Westminster Bridge" given above. Wordsworth's poem entitled, "Composed by the Side of Grasmere Lake" is another example of a transcendent point of view. His view here is that of a "happy distance from earth's groaning field,/where ruthless mortals wage incessant wars'. In the heavens there is tranquility. The poem is also related to historical events of the times. “Incessant wars” refers to Britain at continuous war since 1793and Napoleon was waging his battles in Europe.
· History:
Besides Wordsworth's poem above , Blake's poem “London”, and Shelley's "England 1819" and "Ozymandius" all refer to historical and political events. Blake's poem has in its background the Charter of England which was meant to confer rights on the people but which left these in the hands of a few, thus depriving most of the people of civil liberties.. In "England 1829" Shelley's poem refers to the reign of the mad King George 111and his son . The public institutions are corrupt or dead---the parliament and electoral system are corrupt and a peaceful demonstration for parliamentary reforms leads to a massacre of people. “Ozymandius” was written with the conquests and defeat of Napoleon in the background.
· Childhood:
Wordsworth believed that literature must be rid of preconceptions and prejudices and we must see the world through the viewpoint of a child. Blake's poetry is especially relevant in this matter. His poem “Anecdote for Fathers”(30) shows how a child could learn to lie from wanting to please the adult. Children are pure and have a logic different but not inferior or wrong to that of adults. Blake's "Songs of Innocence and Experience" has poems with biblical and pastoral myths which describe the innocence of children and their closeness to divinity.
Discuss challenges
to conventional ideas of poetic language with close reference to examples from
the poetry you have studied in Chapters 6–9 of Romantic Writings.
السؤال متعلق بـ:
ALLEGORY
كما فهمته ...
من جابتر 6و9 الاستور
من جابتر 8 (3 قصائد)
من جابتر 7 (قصيدة شارلوت سميث ودوروثي ووردسوورث)
السؤال متعلق بـ:
ALLEGORY
كما فهمته ...
من جابتر 6و9 الاستور
من جابتر 8 (3 قصائد)
من جابتر 7 (قصيدة شارلوت سميث ودوروثي ووردسوورث)
To what extent is
Romantic poetry about a quest for ideals? Discuss with reference to the poetry
you have studied in Chapters 6–9 of Romantic Writings
السؤال متعلق ب قصايد كيتس جابتر 6 + شيللي الاستور
السؤال متعلق ب قصايد كيتس جابتر 6 + شيللي الاستور
{
Analyze the
following extract from a poem, commenting particularly on the poetic form and
language used (e.g. rhyme, rhythm, stress pattern, metaphor, alliteration,
point of view) and the way meaning is created. The aim of the question is to
enable you to show you can analyze the poetry given here. You should not
attempt to relate it to its context.
Discuss attitudes to nature by two writers of Romantic Period with reference to the poetry studied in Chapters 1 – 5 of Romantic Writings.
هذا السؤال مهم
Discuss attitudes to nature by two writers of Romantic Period with reference to the poetry studied in Chapters 1 – 5 of Romantic Writings.
هذا السؤال مهم
Arguments about poetry
and poetic language in the Romantic period were, in reality, arguments about
social and political issues. (Discuss this comment with reference to the poetry
studied in Chapters 1 – 5 of Romantic Writings.
Analyze the poem England 1819 by Shelley. (Talk about the historical period of its time).
Analyze the poem England 1819 by Shelley. (Talk about the historical period of its time).
1. Explain two poets who influenced by the orient
2. Prelude Answer of it: why is it an autobiography not an epic
Poetic devices of D.
Wordsworth, ‘Floating Island
من القصائد المتوقعة
من القصائد المتوقعة
Poetic devices
of Coleridge’s “Kubla Khan
Allegory in Shelley's poem PERPHEROES
UNBOIND
