I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud by William Wordsworth
ترجمة القصيدة
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I wandered lonely as a cloud
كنتُ أهيم ُ وحيدا ً كسحابة
That floats on high ov'r vales and hills,
تحلق ُ فوقَ التلالِ والأودية
When all at once I saw a crowd ,
عندما فجأة وجدت ُ جماعة
A host , of golden daffodils ;
من زهور النرجسِ الذهبية
Beside the lake , beneath the trees,
جوار البحيرة وتحت الشجر
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze .
تغنى مع النسيم ِ وتراقص الوتر
Continuous as , the star that shine
And twinkle on the Milky way ,
مثل نجومِ السماءِ اللامعات
They stretched in never-ending line
تمتدُ بلا نهاية تلك الزهور
Along the margin of a bay ;
على حافة البحيرة تبدو فاتنات
Ten thousand saw I in a glance .
فى لمحةٍ رأيت ُ آلاف فى سرور
على شاطىء النهر ِ كانت متناثرة
تهز ُ رؤوسها فى رقصة ٍ ساحرة
The waves beside them danced ; but they
جوارهم يتراقص ُ الموج ُ فى مرح
Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:
لكن َ زهورَ النرجس ِ فاقت الموج ُ سعادة
A poet could not but be gay ,
والشاعر ُهنا لا يقدر إلا أن يغرقَ فى الفرح
In such a jocund company :
مع هذهِ الصحبة الميادة
I gazed-and gazed but little thought
نظرت ُ ونظرت ولكنى أدركت ُ الآن
What wealth the show to me had brought:
سرورٌ ملأ قلبى ومن النشوة ِ فرحان
For oft, when on my couch I lie
مرارا ً عندما أرقدُ فى فراشى
In vacant or in pensive mood ,
تنازعنى أفكارٌ عنيدة
فى فراغ ٍ أو بأوقات ٍ عصيبة
They flash upon that inward eye
تلوحُ فى خاطرى صحبة ُ النرجس ِ السعيدة
Which is the bliss of solitude ;
فتكونَ سميرى فى الأوقات ِ الحزينة
And then my heart with pleasure fills ,
ثم يمتلئ قلبى بالسعادة ِ والسرور
And dance with the daffodils .
ويرقص ُ قلبى طربا ً مع تلك الزهور.
ترجمة حسن حجازي
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How to Analyze Poetry
Literal versus Figurative Meaning
Can the poem be paraphrased on the literal level?
Is there any evidence (key words, repetition of images, symbols, etc.) which leads you to suspect that the poem must be taken beyond paraphrase?
Does the poet's tendency to compress his material create the possibility for multiple interpretations?
Are there deliberate ambiguities which allow for multiple interpretations?
Imagery
Is the poem free of images? Does direct language dominate the poem?
Does the author primarily use purely descriptive images, those which appeal to the senses?
Is the imagery based on association (the psychological process whereby you are led to link two elements)?
Which of the following figures of speech (all of which involve association) are being used in the poem--simile, metaphor, symbol, allusion, personification? How do they function in the poem?
Do the images fall into patterns related to the meaning? Do these patterns in effect become dominant symbols lifting the reader beyond the literal level?
Diction
What general term would you use to describe the author's choice of words--artificial an stilted, highly ornate, Latinate, archaic, abstract, conversational or colloquial, rhetorical sentimental, intensely emotional, trite, etc."
Does the author rely heavily on unusual words? Why?
Does he rely heavily on simple colloquial language? Why?
What words seem significant--connotative or suggestive of figurative meaning? How are these words related to their context?
Does the poet's desire to present musical effects (meter or rhyme) influence his choice of words? If this influence is heavy, is the quality of the poem marred?
Does the author's time or environment have anything to do with the language he uses? Do any of the words he uses have different meanings today?
Can you substitute words of your own for some used by the author? Which are better? Why? Does the experiment help you understand the difference between poetic diction an ordinary diction?
Musical Characteristics-Rhythm
Can you determine a pattern of stress? Does the pattern fit any of the traditional patterns, such as iambic?
Does the pattern vary? If so, are these variations due to carelessness, or do they have purpose (in terms of meaning, emotional intensity, etc.)?
Is the pattern irregular enough to be called free verse?
What functions do pauses perform in the sound pattern?
Step 1: Read more than once, and pay close attention to your reactions as you read.
Where were you the most engaged while reading?
What confused you? These passages are often the most important.
If you were bored, where and why? Boredom is important.
Step 2: Pay close attention to the page (or pages) in front of you.
What parts of the story or poem (situations, language, characters) seem most significant?
What formal structures encourage you to view them that way?
What major transitions do you notice? (Such as those described by Gerber.)
Do certain situations, motifs, or symbols recur? (Such as the scaffold in the Scarlet Letter)
What parallels can you discover?
What contrasts do you notice?
Where were you the most engaged while reading?
What confused you? These passages are often the most important.
If you were bored, where and why? Boredom is important.
Step 2: Pay close attention to the page (or pages) in front of you.
What parts of the story or poem (situations, language, characters) seem most significant?
What formal structures encourage you to view them that way?
What major transitions do you notice? (Such as those described by Gerber.)
Do certain situations, motifs, or symbols recur? (Such as the scaffold in the Scarlet Letter)
What parallels can you discover?
What contrasts do you notice?
Step 3 (Optional): Consider how your reactions, noted in step 1, might be related to the structures you spotted in step 2.
Sometimes your reactions and the form won't be related, but when they are, it gives you a powerful insight into how the poem, story, or novel works.
If you discuss the effect a textual structure has on readers, it's generally best to use phrases like "Dimmesdale's sudden revelation encourages readers to reevaluate his moral stature," rather than phrases like "Dimmesdale's sudden revelation makes readers reevaluate his moral stature." Different readers, after all, may react differently.
Step 4: Try to identify large patterns.
Sometimes your reactions and the form won't be related, but when they are, it gives you a powerful insight into how the poem, story, or novel works.
If you discuss the effect a textual structure has on readers, it's generally best to use phrases like "Dimmesdale's sudden revelation encourages readers to reevaluate his moral stature," rather than phrases like "Dimmesdale's sudden revelation makes readers reevaluate his moral stature." Different readers, after all, may react differently.
Step 4: Try to identify large patterns.
If you were mapping the novel, story, or poem, what would be the major landmarks? What forces shape and change the landscape?
Or, if it were a symphony, what would the major movements be? Where are the solos? What are the most important moments?
Step 5: Relate forms to themes.
What themes are highlighted by patterns and forms you've identified? How do the forms and the themes reinforce one another?
Step 6: Start Writing!
Assume that your audience has read the story, novel, or poem you're discussing, but hasn't noticed the things you have. Point them out for us. Let us see the big picture--what the overarching form is and how it is related to the themes the literature explores.
How to Analyze Poetry
Poetry is a way of expression. It is a language of its own. This language is one that is open to interpretation, and it is one of the best things about poetry. Although the author might have a specific idea that he or she is trying to convey, you, as the reader can also interpret the poem based on your own experience and understanding. You can take it for its figurative meaning or for its literal meaning. Some of the things I often use to help me analyze poetry are the following:
Read and understand the Title.
Figure out who the speaker is.
Think about all of the literary techniques, and elements such as characterization, metaphor, simile, and alliteration among others, that might help you better understand what the author is trying to say.
Keep important literary concepts in mind.
Think about the imagery in the poem; try to draw a picture in your head of what the poem is describing.
Even though it might be difficult, try to make the poem relative to you. This will help you relate to the theme or topic of the poem and help you get a better grasp of what you are reading.
Always keep in mind, the action that is taking place as well as the mood of the poem (dark, gloom, happy, joyful).
Go back to the title and try to think of what in the poem gave the title its meaning.
Lastly, read the poem as often as you have to until you are confident that you have fully understood the concept of the poem.
Literary Concepts
Speaker- is the narrative voice in the poem.
Sound- alliteration, consonance, assonance.
Rhythm- is the pattern that is created by the author through the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables.
Images- pictures that are described and painted through the poem.
Figurative Language- simile, metaphors, and personification
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رابط فيه بعض الامور :
منها كيفية تحليل الشعر
http://lolita-aou.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_495.html
منها كيفية تحليل الشعر
http://lolita-aou.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_495.html
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William Wordsworth (1770-1850)
• William Wordsworth was born in 1770 in the Lake District.
• When he was eight years old his mother died, and he lost his father five years later.
• In 1787 Wordsworth entered Cambridge, but he was not particularly interested in his studies. While still a university student he went on a three-month walking tour of France, the Swiss Alps and Italy.
• He returned to France for a year and became a passionate supporter of the democratic ideals of the French Revolution. Financial problems forced him to return to England, where he went to live with his sister Dorothy in a small village in Dorset.
• He inherited a sum of money which he could live on and, in 1795, he met Coleridge. William and Dorothy went to live close to Coleridge. They produced the Lyrical Ballads in 1798, a landmark in English Romanticism. Later that year Wordsworth, Dorothy and Coleridge travelled to Germany. William and Dorothy moved to Grasmere.
• In 1802 Wordsworth married a childhood friend and together they had five children. During this period, his reputation began to grow and his work became popular. His close friend Coleridge was experiencing serious health problems and the two became estranged, never to be fully reconciled. As his fame grew, Wordsworth became more conservative politically.
• In 1840 he was awarded a government pension and the title of Poet Laureate. He died in 1850, a few days after his eightieth birthday.
• When he was eight years old his mother died, and he lost his father five years later.
• In 1787 Wordsworth entered Cambridge, but he was not particularly interested in his studies. While still a university student he went on a three-month walking tour of France, the Swiss Alps and Italy.
• He returned to France for a year and became a passionate supporter of the democratic ideals of the French Revolution. Financial problems forced him to return to England, where he went to live with his sister Dorothy in a small village in Dorset.
• He inherited a sum of money which he could live on and, in 1795, he met Coleridge. William and Dorothy went to live close to Coleridge. They produced the Lyrical Ballads in 1798, a landmark in English Romanticism. Later that year Wordsworth, Dorothy and Coleridge travelled to Germany. William and Dorothy moved to Grasmere.
• In 1802 Wordsworth married a childhood friend and together they had five children. During this period, his reputation began to grow and his work became popular. His close friend Coleridge was experiencing serious health problems and the two became estranged, never to be fully reconciled. As his fame grew, Wordsworth became more conservative politically.
• In 1840 he was awarded a government pension and the title of Poet Laureate. He died in 1850, a few days after his eightieth birthday.
William
Wordsworth’s poetry emphasies the value of childhood experience and the
celebration of nature. He glorifies the spirit of man, living in
harmony with his natural environment, far from the spiritually bankrupt
city. Him being pantheistic identified the nature with god.
• Wordsworth is best known as a nature poet who found beauty, comfort and moral strength in the natural world. If he were alive today he would probably be a member of an organisation that campaigns to protect the evironment. For him the World of nature is free from corruption and stress, and offers man a means of escape from industrialised society.
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• Wordsworth is best known as a nature poet who found beauty, comfort and moral strength in the natural world. If he were alive today he would probably be a member of an organisation that campaigns to protect the evironment. For him the World of nature is free from corruption and stress, and offers man a means of escape from industrialised society.
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hroughout
Wordsworth’s work, nature provides the ultimate good influence on the
human mind. All manifestations of the natural world—from the highest
mountain to the simplest flower—elicit noble, elevated thoughts and
passionate emotions in the people who observe these manifestations.
Wordsworth repeatedly emphasizes the importance of nature to an
individual’s intellectual and spiritual development. A good relationship
with nature helps individuals connect to both the spiritual and the
social worlds.
Wandering and Wanderers
The speakers of Wordsworth’s poems are inveterate wanderers: they roam solitarily, they travel over the moors, they take private walks through the highlands of Scotland. Active wandering allows the characters to experience and participate in the vastness and beauty of the natural world. Moving from place to place also allows the wanderer to make discoveries about himself.
While wandering, speakers uncover the visionary powers of the mind and understand the influence of nature, as in “I wandered lonely as a cloud” (1807). The speaker of this poem takes comfort in a walk he once took after he has returned to the grit and desolation of city life. Recollecting his wanderings allows him to transcend his present circumstances.
Wandering and Wanderers
The speakers of Wordsworth’s poems are inveterate wanderers: they roam solitarily, they travel over the moors, they take private walks through the highlands of Scotland. Active wandering allows the characters to experience and participate in the vastness and beauty of the natural world. Moving from place to place also allows the wanderer to make discoveries about himself.
While wandering, speakers uncover the visionary powers of the mind and understand the influence of nature, as in “I wandered lonely as a cloud” (1807). The speaker of this poem takes comfort in a walk he once took after he has returned to the grit and desolation of city life. Recollecting his wanderings allows him to transcend his present circumstances.
“I wandered lonely as a cloud”
Summary
The speaker says that, wandering like a cloud floating above hills and valleys, he encountered a field of daffodils beside a lake. The dancing, fluttering flowers stretched endlessly along the shore, and though the waves of the lake danced beside the flowers, the daffodils outdid the water in glee. The speaker says that a poet could not help but be happy in such a joyful company of flowers. He says that he stared and stared, but did not realize what wealth the scene would bring him. For now, whenever he feels “vacant” or “pensive,” the memory flashes upon “that inward eye / That is the bliss of solitude,” and his heart fills with pleasure, “and dances with the daffodils.”
Form
The four six-line stanzas of this poem follow a quatrain-couplet rhyme scheme: ABABCC. Each line is metered in iambic tetrameter.
Commentary
This simple poem, one of the loveliest and most famous in the Wordsworth canon, revisits the familiar subjects of nature and memory, this time with a particularly (simple) spare, musical eloquence. The plot is extremely simple, depicting the poet’s wandering and his discovery of a field of daffodils by a lake, the memory of which pleases him and comforts him when he is lonely, bored, or restless. The characterization of the sudden occurrence of a memory—the daffodils “flash upon the inward eye / Which is the bliss of solitude”—is psychologically acute, but the poem’s main brilliance lies in the reverse personification of its early stanzas. The speaker is metaphorically compared to a natural object, a cloud—“I wandered lonely as a cloud / That floats on high...”, and the daffodils are continually personified as human beings, dancing and “tossing their heads” in “a crowd, a host.” This technique implies an inherent unity between man and nature, making it one of Wordsworth’s most basic and effective methods for instilling in the reader the feeling the poet so often describes himself as experiencing.
التحليل مهم
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Summary
The speaker says that, wandering like a cloud floating above hills and valleys, he encountered a field of daffodils beside a lake. The dancing, fluttering flowers stretched endlessly along the shore, and though the waves of the lake danced beside the flowers, the daffodils outdid the water in glee. The speaker says that a poet could not help but be happy in such a joyful company of flowers. He says that he stared and stared, but did not realize what wealth the scene would bring him. For now, whenever he feels “vacant” or “pensive,” the memory flashes upon “that inward eye / That is the bliss of solitude,” and his heart fills with pleasure, “and dances with the daffodils.”
Form
The four six-line stanzas of this poem follow a quatrain-couplet rhyme scheme: ABABCC. Each line is metered in iambic tetrameter.
Commentary
This simple poem, one of the loveliest and most famous in the Wordsworth canon, revisits the familiar subjects of nature and memory, this time with a particularly (simple) spare, musical eloquence. The plot is extremely simple, depicting the poet’s wandering and his discovery of a field of daffodils by a lake, the memory of which pleases him and comforts him when he is lonely, bored, or restless. The characterization of the sudden occurrence of a memory—the daffodils “flash upon the inward eye / Which is the bliss of solitude”—is psychologically acute, but the poem’s main brilliance lies in the reverse personification of its early stanzas. The speaker is metaphorically compared to a natural object, a cloud—“I wandered lonely as a cloud / That floats on high...”, and the daffodils are continually personified as human beings, dancing and “tossing their heads” in “a crowd, a host.” This technique implies an inherent unity between man and nature, making it one of Wordsworth’s most basic and effective methods for instilling in the reader the feeling the poet so often describes himself as experiencing.
التحليل مهم
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تحليل موجود بالرابط السابق
William Wordsworth’s I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud is a lyric poem focusing on the poet’s response to the beauty of nature. A lyric poem presents the deep feelings and emotions of the author rather than telling a story or presenting a witty observation.
Wordsworth unifies the content of the poem by focusing the first three stanzas on the experience at the lake and the last stanza on the memory of that experience. This simple poem recounts the experience of the author when he was wandering like a cloud; he saw daffodils fluttering in the breeze on the shore of a lake, beneath the trees. The daffodils stretch all along the shore. Because there are so many of them, they remind the speaker of the Milky Way, the galaxy that scientists say contains about one trillion stars, including the sun. The speaker humanizes the daffodils when he says they are engaging in a dance. In their gleeful fluttering and dancing, the daffodils outdo the rippling waves of the lake. But the poet does not at this moment fully appreciate the happy sight before him..Not until the poet later muses about what he saw does he fully appreciate the cheerful sight of the dancing daffodils.
Applying sector analysis in the poem, it is observable that William Wordsworth uses a complete sentence with subject and predicate. There are six sentences Unit and Trunk in the entire poem. The title of the poem itself is in a complete sentence. Aside from using complete sentences, the author also makes a vivid description of the daffodils by using several predicate to describe the scenery. The use of a clause gives continuity in the poem, which makes it look like it was a narrative. The predominance of major sentences in Wordsworth’s poem gives a clear impression that he wants to capture the interest of the reader by using the language of a common man. Wordsworth likes to begin each stanza by using a complete sentence and he expands it by using elaborate predicates and clauses. A typical line in Wordsworth’s poetry is heavy with adjectives, complements and predicates that vividly describes the poet’s sentiments and his appreciation of nature. In rhetorical style, Wordsworth’s poem is about nature’s beauty that uplift’s human spirit. As it is emphasizes in the poem, people sometimes fail to appreciate nature’s wonder as they go in their daily routine. In the poem, I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud, the daffodils become much more than mere flowers. They are a symbol of natural beauty and, more importantly, symbolize living a life as rich in experience and sensation as would make a life worth living. They represent, in their light-hearted dance, the joy and happiness of living an adoring and fulfilling life, embracing it for every drop of nectar it could so bring. Romanticism, a poetic philosophy that Wordsworth himself engendered, finds much virtue in this meaning; the daffodils reaching out and catching the eye of Wordsworth’s narrator, or perhaps Wordsworth himself, and inspiring him so much emotionally, that he was left with little choice than to express them poetically. Wordsworth is known to be a Romantic poet so his common themes are appreciation of nature and seeing the beauty in the world.
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ملف تحليل للقصيدة شامل جدا
http://www.gulfup.com/?H42IkC
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انتبهو لتقنية:
Poetic Techniques: Personification
•Where a non-living object, an animal or an abstract idea is given human qualities.
•The sentence involves a human action.
The poet writes about the object as if it is a person
I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o'er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
Continuous as the stars that shine
And twinkle on the milky way,
They stretched in never-ending line
Along the margin of a bay:
Ten thousand saw I at a glance,
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.
The waves beside them danced; but they
Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:
A poet could not but be gay,
In such a jocund company:
I gazed--and gazed--but little thought
What wealth the show to me had brought:
For oft, when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood,
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills,
And dances with the daffodils.
بقية التقنيات موجودة في الملف السابق
مهم جدا تقرونه
•Where a non-living object, an animal or an abstract idea is given human qualities.
•The sentence involves a human action.
The poet writes about the object as if it is a person
I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o'er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
Continuous as the stars that shine
And twinkle on the milky way,
They stretched in never-ending line
Along the margin of a bay:
Ten thousand saw I at a glance,
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.
The waves beside them danced; but they
Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:
A poet could not but be gay,
In such a jocund company:
I gazed--and gazed--but little thought
What wealth the show to me had brought:
For oft, when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood,
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills,
And dances with the daffodils.
بقية التقنيات موجودة في الملف السابق
مهم جدا تقرونه
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Meaning of I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
Inspired
by an event on April 15, 1802, in which Wordsworth and his sister,
Dorothy, came across a "long belt" of daffodils. The person in the poem
comes across a field of daffodils, and describes their beauty like
“stars that shine and twinkle on the Milky Way” and “stretched in a
never-ending line”, the way the field continued on. Gazing on the
flowers, the speaker does not take in at first the beauty, but remembers
at a later time, sad and depressed, the sight of the field of flowers
and claims, “then my heart with pleasure fills”.
Similes in I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
The
title, “I wandered lonely as a cloud” is a simile in itself. Comparing
the person in the poem to a cloud, drifting in the sky.
“Continuous as the stars that shine and twinkle on the Milky Way,”
comparing the endless row of daffodils to the stars in the sky, that
seem to stretch forever.
Mood in I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
From
the beginning of the poem, the reader is taken through several scenes
of flowers, and is given many different visuals. From clouds floating
through mountains, to a field of daffodils next to a serene lake, stars
in the night sky, the mood is set to be very peaceful and quiet. The
person in the poem comes along, and is blessed with the sight of the
endless rows of flowers, but cannot take in the beauty. It is only when
we reach the end of the poem, the person reflects on the sight of the
daffodils by the lake while they are feeling alone and depressed, and
becomes happy and jubilant with the thought.
رابط شرح مقطع مقطع
http://www.cummingsstudyguides.net/G...IWandered.html
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