E303B - UNIT 12 – Getting interpersonal: the grammar of social roles
and relationships
INTRODUCTION:
Interpersonal functions of
language:
-
form and negotiate relationships
-
act out social roles
-
represent themselves (for
example, as powerful or deferential, assertive or conciliatory, emotionally engaged or uninvolved)
[[How language
operates interpersonally?]]
How texts drawn
from the same register may differ in interpersonal terms
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|||TENOR AND INTERPERSONAL POSITIONING
IN SPOKEN INTERACTIONS|||
a) Relative social status (equality/inequality)
-
Social inequality:
(communicative
participants operating with different levels of power, authority, status or
expertise) was reflected in linguistic inequality
-
linguistic inequality: refers to disparities
in the things which the various speakers can do with language – disparities in the types of words or structures they use, in
the types of meanings they create, in the way they address each other, in their
control over the direction of the conversation, and so on.
*** Frame work of analysis spoken text \
interactive text:
1)
Speech acts: (speech function)
-
All utterances involve a choice with respect to
interpersonal positioning – in formulating any utterance,
speakers/writers necessarily position themselves
and those they address: (a) who is positioned
as the communicative giver and who the communicative receiver, and (b) whether the communicative exchange involves information
or some form of action or behaviour.
****Thus the speaker/writer can be positioned in the role of
either giver o receiver, and likewise the
addressee (either giver or receiver). The communication can put at stake
information or what we term good and service
(some form of action or some provision of a service).
Table p.19
-
In this sense, every utterance is fundamentally
interpersonal in that it necessarily involves a particular relationship being
established between speaker/writer and the addressee, a relationship which
varies according to which interlocutor is placed in the role of ‘giver’ and which
in the role of ‘receiver’.
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ما من عبد مسلم يدعو لأخيه بظهر الغيب إلا قال الملك ولك بمثل.
